Fingerprints have been recognized as a unique means of identification since ancient times. The ancient Chinese used fingerprints to sign legal documents1. In the 1850s Sir William James Herschel was probably the first European who understood the value of fingerprints for identification. It obviously wasn’t an original idea but Herschel started using fingerprints while he was an officer in the British Army stationed in India2. Herschel used fingerprints and whole hand prints on contracts during the time of the British Raj. Sir William’s biggest contribution was probably the fact that he realized that everyone has a unique fingerprint that never changes. He documented his own fingerprints over his lifetime to prove this.
About 50 years later Sir Francis Galton3, who we usually credit as being responsible for the modern study of fingerprints and fingerprint identification, developed a way to classify fingerprints so that it became practical for a person’s identity to the found in a directory of fingerprints. Galton’s system is basically the one we use today. The idea is that we first identify one or more large features in a fingerprint and then go on to compare the minutia that makes one fingerprint different from all others.
If you stop for a moment to consider, Galton’s classification system is what we would call a “sort” in computer terms. First we look at the larger classes, upon which we may have indexes, and then we look at the details to find a result. Fingerprints lend themselves to computer classification, digitization and abstraction. Since there is a lot of data in a fingerprint modern digital fingerprint recognition systems use “feature extraction”. Feature extraction simplifies the description of the data by creating combinations of variables that will accurately describe the fingerprint as data.
In practice we don’t record or save the actual fingerprint image. An abstraction of the image is reduced to a number of discrete data points that describe the fingerprint in a statistical, rather than a physical, form. This abstraction makes it almost impossible for the fingerprint to be reverse engineered and used fraudulently.
Because of all these factors fingerprints make an ideal basis for positive identification that allows us to authenticate the sender of an email and also the recipient. SendItSecure uses a combination of biometric authentication and state of the art encryption to deliver a secure email system that is easy to use and can be deployed in a medium sized company in a single day. For more information go to… www.SendItSecure.com .
1 – http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573439/Fingerprinting.html
2 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Herschel#cite_ref-HersFD_0-3
3 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton